Atoms and molecules
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- The document discusses atoms, ions, molecules, elements, compounds, and chemical formulas and reactions. - Atoms combine to form molecules, and molecules made of the same type of atom are elements, while molecules with different atom types are compounds. - Chemical formulas use symbols and subscripts to represent the elements and number of each type of atom in a molecule or compound. - Chemical reactions can release or absorb energy and are classified as exothermic or endothermic respectively.
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Notes chemical formulas
The document discusses chemical formulas and their use in representing substances. It explains that chemical formulas use symbols to show the elements present in a compound and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms if more than one atom is present. Coefficients are also used to show the number of molecules if more than one molecule makes up the total substance. Examples of common chemical formulas are provided along with the total number of atoms and molecules they represent.
Atoms, elements, and compounds notes
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, such as sodium (Na) or oxygen (O). Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine, resulting in a substance with totally new properties compared to the original elements. The periodic table provides information about each element's atomic number, chemical symbol, and atomic mass.
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- The document discusses atoms, ions, molecules, elements, compounds, and chemical formulas and reactions.
- Atoms combine to form molecules, and molecules made of the same type of atom are elements, while molecules with different atom types are compounds.
- Chemical formulas use symbols and subscripts to represent the elements and number of each type of atom in a molecule or compound.
- Chemical reactions can release or absorb energy and are classified as exothermic or endothermic respectively.
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1. Matter is everything that has mass and volume and exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The document defines the key properties of each state.
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The document discusses the basic concepts of elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions. It explains that elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Atoms can bond by sharing or transferring electrons to form molecules or ionic compounds with new properties. A chemical reaction occurs when bonds in reactants are broken and new bonds form, creating different products while conserving mass. Energy is either absorbed or released in chemical reactions.
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There are three main types of matter: elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Compounds are represented by chemical formulas that use symbols to show what elements are present and in what ratios. Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and whose components retain their individual properties. Common examples are water (H2O), salt (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), and air.
atoms and elements
This document provides an overview of key chemistry concepts including atoms, elements, compounds, symbols, the periodic table, molecules, formulae, and chemical reactions. It explains that everything is made of tiny particles called atoms, which combine to form either elements or compounds. Compounds contain two or more elements joined together. The periodic table organizes all known elements based on their properties. Molecules are formed when atoms of elements combine, and chemical formulae represent the atoms that make up compounds and molecules. Chemical reactions involve atoms rearranging to form new substances.
Elements and compound 2
The document discusses elements, compounds, and the periodic table of elements. It defines elements as the simplest form of matter that cannot be divided further, while compounds are made up of two or more elements. The periodic table organizes all known elements and displays their symbols. Elements in the same column often have similar properties and each column is referred to as a family or group.
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Notes chemical formulas
The document discusses chemical formulas and their use in representing substances. It explains that chemical formulas use symbols to show the elements present in a compound and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms if more than one atom is present. Coefficients are also used to show the number of molecules if more than one molecule makes up the total substance. Examples of common chemical formulas are provided along with the total number of atoms and molecules they represent.
Atoms, elements, and compounds notes
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, such as sodium (Na) or oxygen (O). Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine, resulting in a substance with totally new properties compared to the original elements. The periodic table provides information about each element's atomic number, chemical symbol, and atomic mass.
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- Atoms combine to form molecules, and molecules made of the same type of atom are elements, while molecules with different atom types are compounds.
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There are three main types of matter: elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Compounds are represented by chemical formulas that use symbols to show what elements are present and in what ratios. Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and whose components retain their individual properties. Common examples are water (H2O), salt (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), and air.
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Chemical bonding
This document discusses covalent bonding and molecular structures. It defines covalent bonds as bonds formed by shared electron pairs between atoms. It explains that molecules are groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds in a specific ratio and shape. The document discusses drawing Lewis dot structures and molecular diagrams to represent molecules and the bonding between their atoms. It provides examples of drawing the Lewis dot structure for carbon tetrachloride and matching molecular diagrams to chemical formulas.
Chemistry - Chp 8 - Covalent Bonding - PowerPoint
1. The document discusses covalent bonding and molecular compounds. It defines covalent bonds as the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms.
2. Molecular compounds are formed from covalent bonds between atoms. They have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.
3. Molecular formulas show the number and type of atoms in a molecule, but not their arrangement. Water's molecular formula is H2O.
Ch 2
The document provides an overview of atomic theory, atomic structure, the periodic table, molecules, and bonding. It discusses the key ideas that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons; the periodic table organizes elements based on atomic structure; molecules can be formed through ionic and covalent bonding; and organic chemistry relies on covalent carbon chains.
02 chemistry text
This document summarizes key concepts about the chemical context of life. It discusses that matter exists as elements and compounds, and the essential elements that make up living things like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It also describes the structure of atoms including subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. Electron configuration determines an element's chemical properties. Chemical bonds like covalent and ionic bonds form when atoms interact and share or transfer electrons.
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
This document discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines each term and provides examples. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down further. Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in fixed ratios to form new substances with different properties from the original elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means such as filtration or evaporation.
02 chemistry text
This document provides an overview of key chemical concepts related to life:
- Matter is composed of elements and compounds. The four most abundant elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Atoms are made of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. The arrangement of these particles determines an element's properties and allows elements to form bonds.
- There are different types of bonds that hold atoms together, including covalent bonds formed by electron sharing and ionic bonds formed by electron transfer between atoms.
- Molecular shape is important for function, as it allows biological molecules to interact specifically through processes like binding. Chemical reactions convert reactants to products and drive many processes in living systems.
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Practical Analytical Instrumentation in On-line Applications
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Science STAAR Review 2013
The document provides information about various science concepts covered on the STAAR test, including:
1. It defines physical and chemical changes and lists 4 signs that a chemical change has occurred.
2. It discusses kinetic and potential energy.
3. It provides diagrams and descriptions of cell organelles found in plant and animal cells.
4. It summarizes concepts related to ecology, including primary and secondary succession.
5. It covers physics concepts such as mechanical and chemical weathering, the water cycle, and forms of energy transfer.
6. It provides a review of earth science topics including plate tectonics, ocean currents and their effect on climate, and landforms.
Long and Short Term Enivornmental Changes
The document discusses different types of environmental changes including long-term changes that affect organisms over generations, short-term changes that immediately impact organisms, extinction which is when a species no longer exists, endangered species that have low numbers in their natural habitat, pollution which is contamination of the environment, biodiversity which is the number of different species in an area, and abundance which refers to the number of individuals of a species in an area.
Abiotic or Biotic factors
Ecosystems consist of interacting biotic and abiotic factors. Organisms rely on abiotic factors like temperature, water, and soil composition as well as biotic factors such as food sources and other species. Competition occurs when multiple individuals or populations rely on limited resources within the same niche. A limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic resource that, if depleted, prevents an organism or population from growing.
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. There are three main types of feeding relationships: producer-consumer, predator-prey, and parasite-host. Producers, like plants, make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers eat other organisms for energy and include both predators that hunt prey and animals that eat plants or other animals. A food chain shows what organisms eat in a linear feeding order starting with producers, while a food web depicts the complex and interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Weather
Global air circulation patterns are held to Earth's surface by gravity and heated by the planet. The Coriolis effect causes apparent deflections in moving air as seen from Earth's rotating frame of reference. Air pressure decreases with altitude due to the weight of air above, and wind occurs as air moves from high to low pressure areas. Air masses develop distinct characteristics over different surfaces and temperatures, influencing weather patterns as high or low pressure systems move across regions. Warm and cold fronts form at boundaries between air masses with differing temperatures and humidity levels.
Ocean currents
Surface ocean currents are caused by winds and extend hundreds of feet deep, circulating heat around the globe by carrying warm water away from the equator and cool water from the poles. Deep currents are driven by water density differences, while upwelling and downwelling movements cycle nutrients and oxygen between surface and deep waters, impacting marine life. Ocean currents influence global climate by redistributing heat worldwide via transport of warm and cold water, changing overlying air temperatures.
Foodchains
This document discusses ecosystems, habitats, food chains and webs. It explains how different animals are adapted to their environments and how they fulfill different roles as producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, predators and prey. The document also addresses how the loss of any part of a food chain or habitat can negatively impact other organisms and discusses the importance of caring for the environment.
Predation, mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism
Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped. Examples include clownfish living among anemone tentacles for protection from predators, and birds eating insects near grazing animals. Parasitism is a harmful relationship where one organism, usually physically smaller, benefits by living on or in the host organism. Examples include ticks and fleas drinking blood, and vines growing on trees. Mutualism benefits both species, such as flowers and pollinators, and algae and fungi in lichens. Predation is when one organism eats another, such as herbivores eating plants and carnivores eating animals.
Food webs
Animals get the energy they need to live from eating plants as herbivores, eating other animals as carnivores, or eating both plants and animals as omnivores. Food webs show what eats what in an ecosystem, with green plants as producers at the bottom and apex predators at the top that are prey to no other animal. Nearly all animals are consumers that get energy by consuming plants or other animals.
Ecosystems
Ecosystems consist of interacting populations of organisms and their biotic and abiotic environment. Organisms rely on biotic factors like other species for food and abiotic factors such as water, temperature, and soil composition. Competition occurs when multiple organisms or populations rely on limited resources within their shared environment and niche.
Force
A force is a push or pull that can cause an object to either remain at rest, change its speed, or alter its direction of motion. Forces are measured in Newtons and can be balanced, unbalanced, or net forces which are the combination of all individual forces acting on an object. Newton's first law of motion states that objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion with constant speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Atomsandmolecules 100919202417-phpapp02
- The document discusses atoms, ions, molecules, elements, compounds, and chemical formulas and reactions.
- Atoms combine to form molecules, and molecules made of the same type of atom are elements, while molecules with different atom types are compounds.
- Chemical formulas use symbols and subscripts to represent the elements and number of each type of atom in a molecule or compound.
- Chemical reactions can release or absorb energy and are classified as exothermic or endothermic respectively.
Physical and chemical changes ppt
Liquid B was poured into Liquid A. The two liquids were mixed together and their interaction was observed. The liquids combined without any noticeable reaction occurring between them.
Periodic table
The document summarizes key concepts about the periodic table of elements, including:
1) Elements are organized into groups based on their valence electrons, with elements in the same group having similar properties.
2) Periods refer to horizontal rows, with the first element being very reactive and the last being an inactive gas.
3) Non-metals are generally poor conductors while metals are good conductors.
4) Metalloids have properties between metals and non-metals.
5) Reactive elements easily bond to complete their outer electron levels.
Atomic structure fix
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the identity of a substance. Atoms are composed of a nucleus at the center containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that surround the nucleus in an electron cloud. The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass, while the electrons occupy a large volume of space outside the nucleus but have a relatively small mass. Protons and neutrons are compacted in the nucleus giving it a positive charge, while electrons outside the nucleus have a negative charge, making the overall atom electrically neutral.
Atomic particles
The document discusses the basic particles that make up an atom: protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge and are also in the nucleus, and electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the outside of the nucleus in an electron cloud.
8th grade taks review power point
The document summarizes physical and chemical changes, types of energy, parts of plant and animal cells, ecological succession, weathering and erosion processes, and making predictions in science. It provides examples to illustrate different concepts in middle school science.
Tectonic plates
The document discusses plate tectonics and how it relates to various geological phenomena. The Earth's crust is divided into major tectonic plates that move and interact along three types of plate boundaries. Divergent boundaries form new crust through seafloor spreading. Convergent boundaries result in earthquakes and volcanoes through processes like subduction. Transform boundaries involve plates sliding past one another. Volcanoes and earthquakes tend to occur at plate boundaries due to the stresses caused by plate interactions.
Timeline
Abraham Ortelius noticed in 1596 that the coastlines of America and Europe-Africa fit together like puzzle pieces, and attributed continental drift as the reason for this geometric coincidence. In 1785, James Hutton proposed that the Earth must be much older than previously thought to allow for geological processes like mountain erosion and sediment deposition. Albert Wegener suggested in 1912 that the supercontinent Pangaea had broken apart starting 200 million years ago, citing matching coastlines, fossil and climate evidence between continents. In 1960, Harry Hess discovered sea floor spreading and proposed new seafloor forms as hot material rises at mid-ocean ridges and flows away, carrying continents apart over geologic time.
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Atoms and molecules
- 1. Do NOT make an ATOM an ION unless it tells you too! THIS MEANS- Do NOT make an ATOM stable unless it tells you to do so . To determine the charge of a picture of an atom look at the number of protons and electrons in the picture and determine the charge. (Examples are on the next slide.)
- 2. Review: What is the charge of this ATOM ? Just use the number of protons and electrons that are given .
- 3. What is the charge of this ATOM? Just use the number of protons and electrons that are given. -2
- 4. We will discuss: Chemical Symbol Atoms Elements Bonds Compounds Molecules Chemical Formulas Endothermic Reactions Exothermic Reactions
- 7. 6 C 12 Chemical Symbol
- 9. Molecules form when atoms join Element Compound There are two types of molecules
- 11. Molecules Element H 2 If all atoms in a molecule are alike, then the molecule is classified as an _______________. ELEMENT
- 12. Molecules form when atoms join Compound The other type of molecule is a compound. Do you think that the atoms joined together in a compound are all the same? NO! The atoms are different.
- 15. Chemical Formulas- represent a molecule O C O The chemical formula of this model is CO 2
- 19. CO represents? Co represents? Fe O represents? 2 3 1 atom of carbon and 1 atom of oxygen 1 atom of cobalt 2 iron atoms and 3 oxygen atoms